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Change of social status of a person or group within the social structure. ...ocial level (for example, a worker’s transfer from one factory to another; the move from one city to another). “Vertical” mobility is linked to a prom

...d a foothold in the workers movement of democratic countries in Europe and the Americas, but did not prosper in countries ruled by totalitarian and author ...ulates and strengthened the position of social revolutionism, out of which the international communist movement was born.

...rotulus, cylinder). Character or agency through which one participates in the affairs of society. ...the individual to develop their personality multifacetically, to overcome the uniformness of certain roles, step outside them.

...tive measures and corresponding institutions that cover or protect against the risks faced by citizens, principally with regard to work and health. ...f the twentieth; in Latin America, after the First World War; in the US in the 1930s.

...the same time that the psychosocial phenomenon of discrimination (*) is on the increase.

...o refers to self-organization, equality and prosperity of the citizens, to the scope of their rights and liberties. ...eedom of conscience; and social guarantees that basic needs will be met in the areas of employment, health care, education and retirement or social securi

...tion. In Europe, different social democratic parties have emerged, such as the British Labor party, that believe it is possible to achieve s. without revo

...gs, and a certain stage of their self-organization. S. is not merely about the sum of its individuals; it is about their self-organization. ...e criterion: religious, gender, occupational, familial, residential, or on the basis of common interests.

...ommon ethnicity, race, profession, class or strata, nation, party, etc. At the same time, and as a defect, it can set group against group, dividing societ ...solidary organizations and institutions [or: that practice solidarity]. At the present time, s, is becoming ever more clearly a moral imperative to provid

(From L. spatium). Container of all coexisting perceptible objects; the part of this container occupied by each object; extent of a site, terrain, One of the most general concepts characterizing the universe. Its conception varies in different cultures and grows richer with

...rs to be subjects. Frequently, the s. has been confused with the people or the civil society. In general, all forms of statism tend to avoid acknowledging ...t the entire society. Today, the nation s. is tending to disappear through the process of regional and international integration, relinquishing its functi

Also called Statement of the Humanist Movement or Humanist Statement (*Humanist Statement).

...ry different authors, who express themselves in the most diverse fields of the human sciences including anthropology (C. Levi-Strauss), literary criticism ...constrain human action. The research of structuralists tends to highlight the “unconscious” and conditioning factors rather than consciousness or hum

...ts position-in-the-world, and in which each of its members is related with the others in an inseparable way in that change of position. This description i ...; in turn, the “world” can only be meaningfully apprehended in relation to the human being.

...he most human forms of self-realization and self-education are embodied in the s.o.l., revealing a person’s degree of liberty and integrity. ...ention of maintaining harmonious relations with nature and society, and by the desire to deepen one’s knowledge and to broaden and perfect one’s skill

...es are combated, thanks to the advance of society and ― little by little ― the progress of science. ...urposes of analysis, and when one suffers it happens globally, it is about the suffering consciousness, even if it may be possible in each case to disting

...understood as the study of the means, techniques and processes employed in the various branches of production in general and of industry in particular. ...ult to sustain the direction of these advances without irreparable harm to the environment, which forms a limiting factor for all technological progress.

...Humanism (*) is one case of t.h. Manifestations of t.h. can be observed in the most diverse cultures.

...it is assumed that “development” must involve the single model carried by the exploiters, to whom full evolutionary development is attributed, not only i

...nature. To measure these cyclic processes, calendars based on movements of the sun, moon and planets were used. ...eory to explain the phenomena of nature, which was subsequently applied to the phenomena of society and culture as well.

...gh persuasion and negotiation. As construed by some religions, t. includes the principle of not resisting evil by means of violence. This approach was dev ...se it allows effective dialogue between different cultures and currents on the basis of mutual respect and equal rights.

...y, the State, private property, and the formal Church are all obstacles to the realization of this ideal. ...unced themselves against social inequality and oppression, and in favor of the brotherhood of all human beings.

...ts. Today, this control and corresponding repression are carried out using the information technologies of post-industrial civilization. ...ndividual into a primitive instrument of the bureaucratic machinery and of the state. It is characterized by a total militarization of public life and an

...olitical and social elites have been discredited and the new elites are in the process of formation. It is a regime that is cruel yet fragile, and provoke ...on with despotism in that it employs a number of mechanisms inherited from the latter, but differs in its lack of legitimacy, its lack of a more or less s

...not have access to the means of production and cannot acquire on their own the knowledge and skills that would allow them to achieve their capabilities. I ...u. alleviate the situation of the unemployed, they do not bring an end to the scourge of u.

(From L. unio). Association formed to defend the professional and economic interests common to its members. System of organi ...untries of Europe and the Americas, and in the twentieth century became to the entire world.

...ist moment). The general ideas of u.h. are formulated in the “Statement of the Humanist Movement” (*Humanist Statement).

..., that described an imaginary ideal republic. Synonymous with the dream of the artificial founding of an earthly paradise, of high social ideals. ...in the mobilization of human beings’ creative energies; it contributes to the development of human intentionality as a real stimulus for social progress

...s dangerous and mistaken, however, since it leads to the defense of v. and the rejection of non-violent means. ...violence believes they are acting in a just manner. This is the origin of the concept of distinguishing between “black” (unjustified) v. and “white

...between tribes, clans, states, large social, religious, or ethnic groups; the strongest form of violence. ...o world wars. In the First World War, more than 20 million people died; in the Second World War, more than 50 million.

...constitutes a step forward in the achievement of immediate redress and in the application of laws of equality, laws that did not exist prior to those pro ...ns that are to a greater or lesser degree humanitarian, but should take on the character of action fronts (*),based on its own characteristics and with mu

...humanist type, the primary objective is to incentivate and extend w.o. to the entire population. Humanist political evolution or revolution (*) tends tow ...in the process of production, combining the ideals of social justice with the promise of economic efficiency (*Humanist Statement).

The World Center for Humanist Studies is an organism that is part of the [[Humanist Movement]]. The World Center for Humanist Studies was founded in the First World [[Humanist forum]] in Moscow in October 1993.

== Access to the complete list:: ==

...of the Universal Human Nation was an initiative of the Utopia district of the virtual city of Pegacity, later reproduced and expanded by numerous collabo For its hypertextual nature, the Scientific Committee of the Humanist Encyclopaedia has decided to reproduce it here, making it possible

* New Year in the Western tradition * 1803 Haiti is the first independent black republic in the world

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* 1851 Foucault experimentally demonstrates the rotation of the earth * 1995 presentation of the "2000 Without Wars" campaign in Santiago de Chile

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back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]] 1540 Andrea Vesalio makes the first anatomy lesson at the University of Bologna

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back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]] 1819 Simón Bolívar proclaims the Republic of Colombia

back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]] 1896 The first X-ray machine is shown

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back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]] 1919 Sinn Féin adopts the first Irish constitution in Dublin

....wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons] enters into force 2006 Evo Morales, elected with over 53% of the vote, becomes the first President of Bolivian indigenous origin

back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]] 1783 Henry Beyle was born in Grenoble, who in 1817 adopted the pseudonym of Stendhal

back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]] 1933 Armstrong invents the frequency modulated radio

...s, works by TS Eliot), feminist and anti-fascist intellectual, animator of the "Bloomsbury Group" back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]] ....2 ° C is reconstructed for the Siberian site of Ojmjakon: it is, to date, the lowest value for an inhabited locality

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back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]] 1935 Iceland is the first country to decriminalize abortion

back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]] ...under the direction of Sir James Murray, counts 352 pages and contains all the English words known by A to Ant (ant)

* 1595 Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare is represented for the first time back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]] 1968 independence of the Nauru island

* 1946 The Norwegian Trygve Lie is chosen as the first Secretary-General of the United Nations back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1989 ends the dictatorship of Stroessner in Paraguay *1971 is signed in Ramsar (Iran) The International Convention on Wetlands

...fter dubbing the Cape of Good Hope at the southern end of Africa, becoming the first European known to have gone so far south *1966 The Soviet shuttle Luna 9 makes the first landing

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...een approved in favor of the Republic, Pope Clement XII officially returns the independence to San Marino back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1840 Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, founding document of New Zealand back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1885 Alban Berg, one of the founders of dodecaphony, was born in Vienna back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1941 Penicillin is used for the first time ...in 1938 he launched the "Without Hate" movement with Lucien Descaves, from the columns of Le Journal.

...d Computer"), the first multifunctional electronic calculator, is shown at the University of Pennsylvania back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1959 Fidel Castro becomes Prime Minister of Cuba after the overthrow of President Fulgencio Batista on 1 January back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1848 Carlo Alberto, with his letters of license, recognizes the Valdesi civil and political rights back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1878 Thomas Edison obtains the patent for the phonograph back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1978 a law recognizes in Colombia the languages ​​of the original peoples back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1804 The first steam locomotive leaves the Pen-y-Darren ironwork factory in Wales *1842 John J. Greenough patents the sewing machine

*1986 Philippines: one million people stop the tanks of the dictator Marcos back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1927 Heisemberg enunciates the uncertainty principle *1959 Signed in London the Anglo-Turkish agreement for the Independence of Cyprus

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*1935 Watson-Watt presents the Radar back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1975 the Polisario proclaims the Sahrawi Democratic Arab Republic *1844 independence of the Dominican Republic

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*1869 Mendeleev compiles the periodic table of the elements *1963 The Balzan Prize for Peace is awarded to Angelo Roncalli, Pope Giovanni XXIII.

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*1939 In Bombay, Gandhi begins to fast in protest against the autocratic government of India *1878 Bulgaria gains independence from the Ottoman Empire

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*1984 the Humanist Party is founded in Argentina back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1931 Ruska invents the electron microscope back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1876 ​​Alexander Graham Bell makes the first telephone call successfully *1977 The astronomer James Elliot communicates the discovery of the rings of Uranus

*1990 ends the dictatorship of Pinochet in Chile back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1781 The astronomer William Herschel discovers the planet Uranus back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1679 Leibniz formulates the binary logic on which computers are based back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1869 Invention of the motorcycle back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1969 Golda Meir is the first woman elected head of government back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

1871 The City Hall of Paris is born back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1895 Lumière shoots the first film 1926 Goddard makes the first liquid propellant rocket back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*New Year for the Zoroastrians and the Bahá'ís spring equinox (northern hemisphere) or autumn (southern hemisphe back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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...Fo, director, actor, author and theatrical researcher. In 1997 he received the Nobel Prize for literature *1918 Canadian women acquire the right to vote

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*1910 Fabre makes the first seaplane fly back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1799 - The state of New York approves a law aimed at gradually abolishing slavery back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1799 - The state of New York approves a law aimed at gradually abolishing slavery back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1966 The Soviet Union launches Luna 10, the first space aircraft to enter the lunar orbit *1991 The Warsaw Pact ends

*1960 the first meteorological satellite is put into orbit ...was born in Santiago, Chile. In 1990, she was the first humanist deputy on the plane

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*1973 Martin Cooper makes the first phone call with a portable cell phone back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1969 Doctor Denton Cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart ...r: Senegalese President Sèdar Senghor launches the first World Festival of the Black Arts

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*648 B.C. The ancient Greeks register the first solar eclipse ...the baron Karl von Drais de Sauerbrun presents the "draisina", ancestor of the bicycle

*1948 foundation of the World Health Organization back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

...edvedev sign the Treaty on Strategic Arms Reduction in the Spanish Hall of the Prague Castle back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1682 Papin presents the pressure cooker to the public *1961 Gagarin is the first man in space

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*1894 USA: Thomas Alva Edison demonstrates the kinetoscope, a precursor device for a cinema projector back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1864 Pasteur realizes the first sterilization back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1963 John XXIII publishes the encyclical Pacem in Terris *1979 the dictator Idi Amin is deposed in Uganda

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...o, founder of the Humanist Movement, in Punta de Vacas (Aconcagua) called "The Healing of Suffering" back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1920 autonomy of the Aaland Islands back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1995 In New York, more than 170 nations decide to extend the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty indefinitely and without conditions back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1501 Ottaviano Petrucci publishes in Venice "Harmonice Musices Odhecaton" the first collection of printed music back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

...he Auschwitz concentration camp give rise to a heroic insurrection against the SS *1960 Theodore Harold Maiman creates the first laser

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*1652 Rhode Island approves the first law that makes slavery illegal in North America *1958 - An F-104 Starfighter sets the world speed record at 2,259.82 km / h

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*1665 Newton writes the first work on differential calculus back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1927 Charles Lindbergh completes the first non-stop transatlantic flight back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1520 Maya revolt against the conquistadores *1995 Sun Microsystems announces the birth of the Java programming language

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*2003 Nestor Kirchner is elected president of the Argentine Republic back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1975 the Quechua language is officially recognized in Peru back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1961 With the article 'Forgotten Prisoners' on the Indipendent Benenson he founded Amnesty International back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1913 The premiere of Igor Stravinsky's ballet Le Sacre du Printemps is held in Paris back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

1924 Giacomo Matteotti denounces the fascist's violence in Parliament during the April elections back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1831 James Clark Ross discovers the position of the magnetic North Pole on the Botnia Peninsula *1962 The Kurds claim their right to independence at the UN

*1964 the Organization for the Liberation of Palestine is founded in Jerusalem back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

...e Poor People's March to Washington to claim the minimum wage increase for the less well-to-do classes *1998 The constituent assembly of ATTAC (Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions and for Aid to Citizens) is held

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*1783 the Montgolfier brothers fly the first balloon *1989 a Chinese student stops the tanks that go to Tien-An-Men

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*1905 Einstein publishes the demonstration of the photoelectric effect that the Nobel will earn back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1935 the association of Alcoholics Anonymous is born back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1946 independence of the Philippines back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1774 Rhode Island is the first of the Thirteen American colonies to outlaw the importation of slaves *1983 Pioneer 10 is the first object built by humans to leave the solar system

*1966 The Vatican announces the abolition of the Index of prohibited books back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1752 Franklin demonstrates the electrical nature of lightning *1215 signature of the Magna Carta

*1904 Bloomsday: the day on which James Joyce's Ulysses is set *1963 Valentina Tereshkova is the first woman in space

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*1979 The SALT II agreement is signed by the United States and the Soviet Union back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1995 Greenpeace wins the battle against Shell for the recycling of oil platforms back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1992 The Council of Europe approves the European Charter for regional or minority languages back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1990 for the first time a woman is ordained priest of the Anglican Church back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1945 Foundation of the United Nations Organization (UN) back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1976 independence of the Seychelles back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1948 Bell announces the discovery of transistors back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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#REDIRECT [[The Community for Human Development]]

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*1900 Fly the first modern airship, the Zeppelin back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1776 Declaration of Independence of the British British Colonies *1976 Universal Declaration of the Rights of Peoples (Algiers Charter)

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*1975 independence of the Comoros Islands back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1978 independence of the Solomon Islands back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*2011 The State of South Sudan, or South Sudan, becomes officially independent back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

*1962 the first artificial telecommunications satellite in orbit *1973 independence of the Bahamas

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*1985 Live Aid charity concert takes place in various cities around the world back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1946 large Ladini meeting at the Sella Pass (BZ) to ask for the administrative unit ...Egyptian village of Rosetta, French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard finds the Rosetta Stone

*570 the prophet Muhammad is born in Mecca back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

...on which the dictator Anastasio Somoza abandons Nicaragua in a helicopter, the "Day of joy" is proclaimed back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*1969 Armstrong is the first man on the moon back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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*Independence Day in the Netherlands ...SR and Great Britain sign the treaty for the end of nuclear experiments in the atmosphere

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...t at the Olympics. It is the first female athletics race in the history of the Olympics *1991 Signed the first START treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union to limit nuclear weapons

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*1920 foundation of the International Court of The Hague back to the [[Calendar of the Universal Human Nation]]

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